Inveneo CIO Mark Summer tunes the wireless network at the Nethope and Inveneo headquarters in Port-au-Prince Haiti.

Photo credit: Inveneo

Through an innovative partnership with the Clinton/Bush Haiti Fund, GBI is partnering with Inveneo and NetHope to connect all of Haiti. The grant supports the deployment of a nation-wide network so that before the end of 2011, connecting in Jacmel or Cap Haiten or Leogane will be an integral part Haiti’s reconstruction and development. GBI will also support monitoring and evaluation of the project’s point to point wireless model, to catalyze its deployment worldwide.

Group of attendees from Intel's Africa USF Conference

Photo credit: Eric White, Integra LLC

Universal Service Funds (USF) hold the promise of extended rural connectivity for millions throughout Africa, but governments often lack the technical capacity and know how to utilize these private enterprise models. Through GBI, USAID will work with private sector partners to further the use of USFs in sub-Saharan Africa, determining both the best practices and the barriers that inhibit successful performance. This project will build the host country’s capacity to deploy USFs, evaluate potential solutions and create a value chain of local ICT, ISP, and telecommunications partners who can harness the power of USFs to close the digital divide and fulfill the promise of rural connectivity.

Eric White, of the GBI team, gave a presentation to a gathering of USAID infrastructure specialists from missions around the world about the importance of investing in ICT infrastructure. He specifically highlighted the importance of wireless voice and broadband connectivity in meeting the US Government’s goals under the new “Feed the Future” program.

Food Security, Mr. White explained, can come either through improving domestic agricultural output and distribution or through improved cross-border trade facilitation.  He highlighted ways that ICT infrastructure improves both.  After pointing out that agricultural development is the flip side of rural economic growth Mr. White explained how numerous studies, at both the macro and micro level, have found a 10-1 relationship between expanding ICT coverage and GDP growth.  A 10% increase in ICT penetration is generally associated with a 1% increase in GDP growth rates.

Mr. White then explained how it is possible to work with private sector firms to expand ICT access to rural people in developing countries.  He pointed out the remarkable willingness-to-pay of even the very poor when it comes to communication.  Even people living on only a few dollars a day are willing to pay up to 10% of their income for access to communication.  Given that relatively large willingness-to-pay and a relatively low cost of capital it is in fact possible to reach every developing country resident with wireless technology through the smart use of targeted subsidies and investment in emerging low-cost technologies.

According to their website, Telecoms Sans Frontiers (TSF) has sent a team, Wednesday, to the Libyan border with Tunisia to provide telecommunications support to refugees escaping the violence.
The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) predicts a massive flood of population at the Libyan borders in the coming days. On Monday, Feb  21,  3,500 people went through the borders. By the following day, there were more than 10,000.
Tunisians have fled the country in hundreds, followed by several refugees from Egypt, Sudan, Iraq, Eritrea, Somalia, Chad and the Palestinian territories, and by the first Libyan civilians. Much of the foreign nationals have already left the country.
TSF uses mostly satellite equipment, including the Inmarsat BGan, the Mini M, and VSAT. More information on the technology used can be found here.
The following video explains their work:

One barrier to the use of all-important traditional ecological knowledge in the sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity is differing understanding of intellectual property.  Just as people from the western legal tradition often make the mistake of interpreting apparently untenured land as terra nullius and available for appropriation (a justification for land claims by colonial powers), so too, patent laws have been used to lay claim to private rights on what had previously been a public good – a US patent on turmeric as a medicine for example.  The differing approaches engender distrust, and impair cooperation on globally important issues.

I’m posting about this issue both as a cautionary tale about indigenous knowledge and informatics, and as one example of how ICT can be used to overcome barriers and promote cooperation.

A recent development aims to provide an interface between “source communities” and institutions that collect and manage data that can smooth the way towards the exchange and use of data.  Mukurtu is an open source community archive platform that allows indigenous communities to manage their information and tag it. It began as a project of the Warumungu Aborigional community in central Australia.  The platform is now being expanded to meet the needs of indigenous communities everywhere.  As the Mukurtu archive explains:

Mukurtu is the Warumungu word for ‘dilly bag.’ Warumungu elders used to keep sacred items in dilly bags to ensure that they were kept safe. The elders were responsible for the safe keeping of the items as well as the knowledge that accompanied those items. Elders taught younger generations and opened the dilly bag when it was proper.

The Mukurtu Wumpurrarni-kari Archive is a ‘safe keeping place.’ The archive uses the cultural protocols of the Warumungu people to arrange, sort, and present content. Any piece of content that is not marked “open” (and thus viewable by the general public) is tagged with a set of restrictions. For example, Warumungu men and women can not view the same ritual materials. So any item restricted to women only would not be viewable by a male member of the community.

Mukurtu is potentially hugely important in protecting the integrity of sacred indigenous knowledge, making it available in appropriate ways while tagging it, in a way roughly analogous to a Creative Commons license, so that it can’t as easily be misappropriated.  Mukurtu can help to improve ecoinformatics by making it more inclusive of cultural protocols.  It also has potential as a tool for participatory planning by indigenous communities – especially those in a race for cultural preservation, like many Pacific island communities.
BBC interviewed Mukurtu founder Kimberly Christen in a podcast available here:
The interview begins around the 7:45 mark.

Top 7 Reasons Why Most ICT4D Projects Fail (video) | e-Agriculture.

I’m sure that it is true that many ICT4D projects fail, as this sobering video alleges. To expect the majority to succeed, I would hasten to add, is unrealistic. Innovation in the use of technology demands a certain amount of failure in order that learning take place. In this sense failure is not necessarily bad. But for the most part, the examples given here have nothing to do with technology, and everything to do with the unrealistic expectations and naïveté of ICT4D proponents. Perhaps we should think of this as Development 101 for the tech crowd. I think that it should be required viewing.

The US Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS) has announced the development of a forthcoming smartphone app that allows access to soil models for the location using GPS. Farmers can chose an optimum cultivation strategies based upon this model.

In much of the developing world, farmers may not have a lot of options for cultivation models (how and where to till soil, for example.  Nevertheless, it is not hard to see how apps can help farmers to select what to plant, when to plant it, when to fertilize it and how to manage pests.

Under static conditions traditional ecological knowledge and cultural practices may produce similar or perhaps better results.  In a changing world, that may not be good enough to ensure success.

One way to link traditional ecological knowledge with information and communications technology is through participatory processes, such as participatory GIS (see for example www.ppgis.net).  In general, it is important to remember how important participation is when thinking about ICT for natural resource management and for development at large.   ICT can empower people, but  it can also be used against people, when access to information is controlled.

It’s really important to develop apps around the needs of users.  USDA has done a great job of working with the agricultural community in the USA to develop tools that are relevant to their needs.  Unfortunately, there’s still a huge gap between the app development community and rural poor of the world.  It’s time we developed an app store for the poor.

Read more at  Agro/Environmental Data at Your Fingertips from USDA ARS.

Using mobile devices to collect and share health data can make healthcare cheaper, faster and more equitable …. You can’t see health data as they flow from clinic to decision-maker — but they are absolutely critical for informing good policies and allocating resources appropriately.

Read the article at Time to get mHealth moving – SciDev.Net.

Customers in Africa can leapfrog conventional payment methods and benefit from greater financial access in an open banking system

Earlier this month in Nairobi, airtel Africa, Standard Chartered Bank, and MasterCard Worldwide announced the launch of the world’s first virtual card, known as the airtel 1time Shopping card.  The airtel 1time Shopping Card operates off a wallet residing on a mobile phone. This innovative payment method aims to serve the global unbanked population in Africa, where there are close to 400 million mobile phone users with an unbanked population of 230 million households.

airtel Africa, Standard Chartered Bank and MasterCard (not pictured) collaborate on the first virtual card on a mobile phone

Michael Miebach, Division President, Middle East and Africa, MasterCard Worldwide observed how that airtel 1time Shopping card will connect consumers to the global marketplace, “Whether located in urban or rural communities, people will be able to participate in commerce from their hometown to anywhere in the world,” he commented.

This is how the system will work: airtel Africa customers in Kenya will soon be able to use their mobile phone to make online purchases from MasterCard merchants around the world and through a simplified online transaction.  Each time an airtel customer is shopping online he or she will be able to request a single use shopping card number.  The airtel money services then will generate a special 16 digit number that enables the completion of the transaction and when the transaction is completed, a confirmation message will be sent to the consumer’s handset.

Utilizing the mobile technology platform, airtel’s vast consumer penetration, combined with the financial and regulatory framework provided by Standard Chartered Bank, and global acceptance of MasterCard, consumers will be able to transact in a reliable, convenient and secure environment.

Airtel CEO Manoj Kohli

Speaking about the Groundbreaking innovation, Manoj Kohli, airtel’s CEO and Joint Managing Director, stated:

The airtel 1time Shopping Card…will deliver innovative and relevant mobile solutions that will help consumers overcome the daily challenges in their lives. The solution will offer consumers a robust e-commerce solution that delivers security, accessibility, acceptance, ability and a global reach

This single-use shopping card will soon be available in Kenya and rolled out to markets across Africa, subject to regulatory approvals.

MobiHealthNews held their first webinar, last Thursday, February 11,to discuss mobile health news and trends that will likely emerge during the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) 2011 annual gathering this year in Orlando. The webinar, which was attended by health professionals and practioners around the world was the first of its kind to predict future innovations and trends in mobile health.

Brian Dolan, MobiHealthNews editor, discussed the increasing expansion of peripheral health devices. Most of these were manufactured to assist medical practitioners in the developed world, but a few stood out as contenders for development context:

iHealth blood pressure dock

  • iPhone ECG case developed by AliveCor called the iPhonECG is a great new device. This gadget turns your Apple iPhone 4 into Electrocardiogram (ECG) by putting it into a special $100 case, however it has not been approved for sale in the U.S. yet. This would possess the capability to help healthcare works in the field monitor electrical activity of the heart and detect any heart disease, allowing them to assess the patient’s level of risk more accurately.
  • Cellscope which turns a cell phone into a high-magnification microscope.is a revolutionary approach to curing infectious disease are a huge upcoming trend that will launch throughout the year and gain FDA approval.

    The CellScope

The HIMSS will hold its annual conference on February 20-24, where hundreds of corporate and non-for-profit members come together to collaborate on their mission to transform healthcare through effective use of IT and management systems.. Each year a few innovations stand out among the crowd. Two years ago, one of the big themes that emerged was that an electronic medical records (EMR) vendor developed a smartphone application. Last year, tablets such as the iPad, emerged as catalysts for mHealth devices to grow in usage.

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